9th Lecture: 10/10/2014

Topic: Test 1 and Protozoa

Notes:
1) Protozoa are eukaryotes, no chlorophyll, unicellular and lack of fruiting body.
2) Protozoa can be parasitic, pathogenic and predatory.
3) Protozoa can be aerobic, anaerobic and chemoheterotrophic
4) Protozoa are colourless and motile, but apicomplexa are not motile in mature form.
5) Protozoa can reproduce sexually and asexually by fission, budding and schizogony.
5) The microscopic of protozoa is 10 to 200 micrometer.
6) Protozoa occur singly or in colonies.
7) Protozoa can pigmented or not pigmented.
8) Protozoa may swim freely or in contact with a substratum. Some of the protozoa are capable of encystment.
9) Phylum:
      Saya-Sarcomastigophora
      Lupa- Labyrinthomorpha
      Akan- Apicomplexa
      Makan- Microspora
      Ayam- Ascetospora
      Mymy- Myxozoa
      Cili- Ciliophora
10) Dinoflagellates and Euglenoids are capable of photosythesis.
11) Protozoa obtain fruits through phagocytosis, pinocytosis, ingestion and absorption.
12) There are four major groups in protozoa: Archaezoa, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora, Apicomplexa.
13) Archaezoa are flagellated, parasitic and live in fresh water.
14) Rhizopoda are move by pseudopods, undergo phagocytosis and live in freshwater. Example:Amoeba
15) Ciliophora possess cilia, live in freshwater and marine, contain macronuclei( production of mRNA)and micronuclei (sexual reproduction) , having the presence of gullet ( ingest particulate materials), Example: Paramecium
16) Apicomplexa are primarily animal parasites, food absorbed through the outer wall and having complex life cycle. Example: Plasmodium

Activities: Test 1 and presentation about the best way to study protozoa.

My own explorace:
1) Substratum is a surface which cell attaches to, especially when the cells is growing or moving.
2) Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environment. They can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
3) Encystment is the process of being enclosed by a cyst. Cyst is a resting or dormant stage of microorganisms. Cyst helps microorgsnisms to survive in unfavourable environmental condition in which the cell activities will be slowing down. Encystment also help the microbes to disperse easily from one host to another.
4) Pseudopods are temporary projections of eukaryotic cell membranes or unicellular protists.
5) Schizogony is the asexual reproduction of sporozoan by multiple fission of nucleus of the parasite followed by segmentation of the cytoplasm.
6) Most of the dinoflagellate are marine plankton but they are common found in freshwater as well. Most of them are photosynthetic.

Reflection on this topic:

After the test, I checked my notes and I found that I got some objectives wrong. I was getting mad because I did read and memorised the notes and I still got these wrong. Dr,Wan was right. We need to really understand everything well but not just memorised. I like the study method of Choy's group but I need him to record that song so that we able to sing it again and again. I also like the study method of our group: Fill in the blanks !! It is really work by fill in the blanks after we have studied the notes.